Major League Baseball Team Budgeting

Major confederation Baseball Team BudgetingMajor League Baseball Team Budgeting and the Effects of Big Spending Organizations versus Small Spending OrganizationsIntroduction/BackgroundMajor partnership baseball is Americas pastime and one of the great sports in the world. Major league team ups argon multi-million dollar organizations that must budget their revenues and expenses skillful wish well a hospital, law firm, or fiscal company. Different teams stick different ship canal of budgeting with one common goal, inveiglening. In todays society, everybody wants to win in some facet of life. For study league baseball owners, there are many an(prenominal) different ways to win. With the annual revenues heavily bulge outweighing the annual expenses, owners do not go for to gravel round winning financially, only if they do have to worry about winning on the field. Success on the field puts more than people in the stands, sells more merchandise, and attracts magnanimous t ime television deals. These factors demonstrate that as long as you are winning on the field, your annual profit will only increase. This is why owners must plan, implement, and control their teams budget to the take up of their competency just deal a mayor has to do for his or her city. After each season, the owner must then measure results and make a say of the teams financial information. If the team has a successful course of instruction on the field, it is more likely that team is personnel casualty to generate a larger profit. Another fit of budgeting that relates to baseball is expenses or expenditures. There are teams in major league baseball that will drop down outspend any other team in the league in hopes that their team will win the world series. Even blowouting in the World serial publication factor bigger profits for the organization. This can be related to a hospital spending silver on a high-tech MRI appliance that will cost more, barely the MRI machine might be the only one in the area and bring in more business for the hospital. I am going to analyze the team budgets for the both top spending teams in baseball versus two teams that spend substantially less(prenominal). Next, I will compare the results on the field. I am going to demonstrate how important financial management is to the game of baseball through the master budgets of foursome different major league teams, the in the buff York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers, Tampa Bay Rays, and Oakland Athletics.B. In Support of Big Spending OrganizationsIn 2013, the two largest spending teams in Major League Baseball were the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers. Each of these teams spent oer two hundred million dollars on their players just. Owners of any major league baseball team have a lot more to budget than just the players. all organization must budget not only the players salaries, alone every member in the entire organization, the cost of running the stadium, and t he farm systems or little leagues. The Yankees and Dodgers set up their budget for the 2013 season for one goal, to win the World Series. The operating budgets for these two teams is very much more than the two hundred million dollars they turn out their players. The owners do not have to worry about this because according to Ozanian (2013) the Yankees bring in over a billion dollars from marketing deals. They are worth over two million dollars all together. According to Brown (2013) From 1999 to 2012, clubs have spent a total of $33,942,203,596 on final payrolls. The Yankees account for 7% of that. In 2009, the Yankees had to suck another aspect of budgeting into consideration, the capital budget. They built a new stadium that cost 1.5 billion dollars to complete. They will use annuities to pay off the stadium over time. With the amount of money, they are spending in 2013, you would imagine that they are the best team in baseball by far. This, however, was not true. The one thi ng that the Yankee owner could not control was injuries. Their big-time spending may have looked good on paper, but the Yankees failed to make the playoffs.As for the Dodgers, they are worth 1.6 billion dollars. Their big money spending has paid off however, by making a trip to the post season. According to the Associated Press (2012) During the 2012 season, the Dodgers signed a player from Cuba named Yasiel Puig for 42 million dollars. This mid-season acquisition could be considered as part of the capital budget. They signed Puig to a seven-year contract. Just like a fire station investing in a new fire truck, the Dodgers invested in a new player. This new player was a vital part of their 2013 success. The Dodgers set up their budget to win immediately, and that is what they are doing. According to Nightengale (2013a) the Dodgers led the league in modal(a) attendance. Like I said earlier, success puts people in the stands, and that is exactly what the Dodgers have done. The Dodger s in any case have advanced to the National League Championship Series for the first time in nineteen years. (Nightengale, 2013a)What are the advantages of big money spending? For teams like the Yankees and Dodgers, they chose to spend more money to acquire better players. Both teams line ups and pitching staffs in 2013 were stacked with perennial all stars. The only difference mingled with the two teams is that the Dodger players were able to stay healthy. This spending advantage on players such(prenominal) as Adrian Gonzales, Hanley Ramirez, and Carl Crawford gave them an advantage in their ingredient over teams who could not dedicate these players. We could compare this to a city such as Mobile spending more money than say Montgomery to bring a corporation such as Airbus. Airbus would create more jobs and more revenue for the city of Mobile. The big money players created more wins for the Dodgers. More wins for the Dodgers means more profit for their organization. Airbus for Mobile means for profit for the city. Another effect of big spending is player motivation. Motivation is a vital component of an organizations success. Players who are making more money and play each night in front of larger crowds often perform at a higher level than players playing in front of half(a) empty stadiums. Overall, the effects of big spending teams in 2013 is that only one of two made the playoffs. The financial management of the Dodgers has played a key theatrical role in their recent success.Argument for Small Spending OrganizationsThe two teams that I am going to analyze that spent far roughly half has much as the Yankees and Dodgers are the Oakland Athletics and the Tampa Bay Rays. Instead of spending the big bucks on perennial talent like the Yankees and the Dodgers, the As and Rays have different ways of producing wins on the field. The Tampa Bay Rays have a pay roll of 68 million dollars. (OBarr, 2013) They finished ahead of the Yankees in the American League East division and grabbed a wild card spot to make the playoffs. So how did they do it? According to OBarr (2013) Building talent throughout the minor league and watching it top on the big-league diamond is the system that has allowedJoe Maddons club to have this much success. Without homegrown players like Longoria and Price, the Rays are lucky to even win 90 games this year, let alone make the postseason. The Rays develop their own players in the minor leagues until they are ready to perform in the major leagues. Instead of spending a lot of money on great players, they save money by producing them from within their organization. They save a ton of money by doing this, and they are able to bring in more revenue by doing so. This can be compared to the public administration field by looking at a police force in a city. If the city focuses more on training police officers and developing them into great cops, then they are going to be more effective. The Rays just like every basebal l organization uses responsibility centers to budget their minor league systems. Each organization has five minor league franchises. Each organization has a president and CFO that set their individual budgets each year. This is another aspect of budgeting that plays a key role in their organizational success.The Oakland As also spend less than the Yankees and Dodgers, but they too made the playoffs. How did they do it? Their general manager, Billy Bean has become famous for his style of producing winning teams called moneyball. A book was create in 2003 about his success with no name, low paid players, and Brad Pitt made a movie about it. Barra (2013) states about the 2013 As, Billy Beanes As this year really are a moneyball team. They just clinched the American League West with a .596 win-loss percentage-second in the league only to the Red Sox. During September they are 16-5. And they are doing it with a payroll of $60,664,500-the fourth lowest in the major leagues. He also state s, No team has gotten more return on less investment (Barra, 2013) The As are a small market team meaning they do not have much money for expenses. This is why they have to use the moneyball technique to win and invoke revenue. The As can be compared to a hospital that does not have the money for the best equipment or doctors, but they find the best affordable equipment and doctors and save as many lives as a hospital with a much larger budget and better cognize doctors. Going back to the quote about more return for less investment, that is an organizational dream. The As know they cannot spend as much as the Yankees and Dodgers, but they find players who will produce on the field for a cheaper cost.The effects of As and Rays style is winning on the field. They both produced better records than the Yankees who spent more than both of them combined. An advantage of the low spending teams is that they are al close always the under(a)dogs who have something to prove. Both the Yankee s and Dodgers have players that have already proven themselves in the major leagues. The As and Rays are built with players who are hungry and willing to do anything to win. The As proved this in the second half of the season by having the best record in baseball. The Rays also proved this by winning six straight games to finish the season and propel themselves into the playoffs.An Assessment of the Different Spending OrganizationsIn my opinion, both of these styles of budgeting can be effective. Although the Yankees, did not make the playoffs in 2013, they won the World Series in 2011. I have to admit, I am a fan of the underdog, the team with something to prove, but making more money and playing in front of more people are a plus too. The New York Yankees are one of the most valuable sports organizations in the entire world. They feature some of the most well know players throughout the world such as Derek Jeter, Alex Rodriguez, and Mariano Rivera. On the contrary, the Oakland As feature players such as Josh Donaldson, Coco Crisp, and Kurt Suzuki. Who knows who any of these guys are? Well, as a side note, Josh Donaldson played for Auburn. simply back to the argument, which of these master budgets is the better way to go? Although, the As and Rays made the playoffs this year, their budgeting styles do not produce winning teams every year. The Rays have made the playoffs just three times in the last eight years, and the As have been just twice in the last eight years. The big money spenders such as the Yankees, have been competitive for the last decade and the Yankees failed to make the post season just twice in the last ten years. If I am going to run an organization, I would want to produce the most profit. Each of these four teams has their own specific way of doing so, but the Yankees are the team who produce most efficiently on the field year in and year out. If I had a choice of an organization to run, I would choose the organization who produces the mo st efficient product and that is exactly what the Yankees do. Krissoff (2013) stated in his journal article, We calculated the average salaries for 2007-11 and found that all of the World Series winning teams exceeded the league average salaries and the salaries of their World Series opponents. This statement alone proves that the team who has spent more has accomplished the organizations ultimate goal for five straight years. Winning the World Series not only brings great attention to your organization, but a substantial amount of extra profit.ConclusionIn conclusion, I have analyzed four different Major League baseball teams and broken down the different ways they budget their organizations to produce results on the field. I wanted to demonstrate that financial management plays a vital role not only in the public sector, but in Major League baseball as well. I have compared the four teams to public sector organizations and given examples of how similar they are. I used examples of how the teams had to incorporate capital budget into their operating budget. I discussed their annual revenues and expenses. I explained how the teams had to use the responsibility center to manage their farm systems. But the main argument in this essay was which organizations produced the best results. I broke down the facts about the big money spending organizations and the small money organizations. Overall, like most aspects of life, the person, company, or organization that spends the most money will often come out on top. Although the underdog might sneak under the radar in some cases, the big spender usually wins in the long run. Billy Beans Oakland As were under the radar most of the season until they fell to an organization that spent more money than they did in the playoffs. This statement is also true for the Tampa Bay Rays. The Dodgers made the playoffs but were eventually knocked out by the St. Louis Cardinals. The Boston Red Sox were crowned World Series champions in 2013 and to no surprise spent more than their opponent, the St. Louis Cardinals. All in all, the more money you spend, the better chance you have to win as a major league baseball organization.ReferencesAssociated Press. (2012, June 29). Dodgers announce yasiel puigs deal. Retrieved fromhttp//espn.go.com/los-angeles/mlb/story/_/id/8112841/los-angeles-dodgers-announce-signing-yasiel-puigBarra, A. (2013, September 24). provide 2002-this years oakland as are the real moneyball team.The Atlantic. Retrieved from http//www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/09/forget-2002-this-years-oakland-as-are-the-real-em-moneyball-em-team/279927/Brown, M. (2013). biz of baseball releases comprehensive mlb final player payroll figures forlast 14 years. The Biz of Baseball, Retrieved fromhttp//bi.galegroup.com/essentials/article/GALEA313786892/df67a57e287280461f74267696242118?u=naal_aubKrissoff, B. (2013). Society and baseball face rising income inequality . The Baseball Research Periodical, 42(1), Retrieved fromhttp//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALEA328281604v=2.1u=naal_aubit=rp=ITOFsw=wasid=6f1b6e9872b87b5f7a152c7cf233d52aNightengale, B. (2013a, August 15). Nightengale Dodgers take page from yankees. regular army Today.Retrieved from http//www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/dodgers/2013/08/14/los-angeles-dodgers-new-york-yankees-stan-kasten-payroll-nl-west/2658245/Nightengale, B. (2013b, March 13). Mlb salaries Yankees, a-rod reign as cash changes hands.USA Today. Retrieved fromhttp//www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/salaries/2013/03/31/2013-mlb-payrolls-salaries-yankees-dodgers/2041115/OBarr, D. (2013, September 30). David price-led tampa bay rays reach mlb postseason with homegrown talent Retrieved fromhttp//www.rantsports.com/mlb/2013/09/30/david-price-led-tampa-bay-rays-reach-mlb-postseason-with-homegrown-talent/?utm_source=twitterfeedutm_medium=twitterOzanian, M. (2013, March 27). Baseball team valuations 2013 Yankees on top at $2.3 billion.Retrieved from http//w ww.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/03/27/baseball-team-valuations-2013-yankees-on-top-at-2-3-billion/

Impacts of the Pornography Industry

Impacts of the crock IndustryCritically assess the case that the products of the contemporary smut fungus industry argon both a take a leak of power and discrimination directed against women and also intrinsically harmful.It is not the drive of this essay to defend the contemporary vulgarism industry which to this day remains a dirty and -to a large extent- a male-dominated, exploitative business, but rather to understand the reasons behind this sad reality. crock made its first prominent appearance in womens liberationist discourse in the late 70s, when feminist groups such as Women Against Violence in Pornography and the Media (WAVPM) embarked upon their anti- filth campaign in the San Francisco Bay area. The so-called stimulate wars of the 1980s brought about an unprecedented division within the feminist movement. Anti- porn writers, such as Andrea Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon -authors of the famous Minneapolis and capital of Indiana ordinances advocated the censorship of pornographic material, on account of its role as a practice that is central to the subordination of women. Other feminists put forth a braggy legal argument, invoking the First Amendment to the American Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech. Two decades later, the pornography debate has declareed its relevance in feminist discourse. There is still heated distinction over three interrelated issues what is the definition of pornography? Does pornography cause violence and discrimination against women? What is the best way to deal with pornography in the insurance and legislation arenas? While critically assessing the anti-pornography thesis, I volition argue in turn that most versedly explicit graphic material is not the cause but can mirror the misogyny and exploitation that characterizes modern societies and that far from creation intrinsically harmful pornography can in fact be employed in the service of feminist ideas.A necessary starting point if we are to un derstand pornography would be an analytically helpful definition. however this is itself one of the main points of disagreement between feminists. The pro-censorship side has emulated traditional definitions of pornography and equated sexual explicitness with violence and female subordination. Dworkin understands pornography as the platform where sexist political theory thrives by exhibiting male supremacy, discernible in seven interwoven strains the power of the self, physical power, the power of terror, the power of naming, the power of owning, the power of money and the power of sex. Contemporary porn depicts women as the helpless victims of men bound, tortured, humiliated, battered, urinated upon or merely taken and used. Evoking the Greek etymology of the word, Dworkin (199024) defines pornography as the graphic depiction of whores, (porne being the Greek for a cheap prostitute or sex slave). Thus pornography is conceived as something sexist, violent and exploitative by defin ition in some other words, as an intrinsically harmful phenomenon.Even at this early stage, pro-censorship analysis seems to rest on shaky methodological grounds. First it involves a clearly tirade argument which condemns pornography without trying to understand it, almost like arguing that pornography is bad, because it is bad. Second, the cross-cultural analysis of Ancient Greece is dubious, if not completely a-historical, since pornography is not an ancient but a Victorian neologism, invented in the 19th century, thus reflecting Victorian sensitivities rather than ancient realities. Third, the definition of porn as a field of violence and sexism logically intends a distinction from other, sexually explicit material that is not violent, demeaning and exploitative, but is based on sentiments of mutuality and reciprocity. delimitate this emerging category, usually referred to as Erotica, is a highly subjective endeavor and obviously unhelpful for an academic or a judge. Equating sexual explicitness to violence, misogyny and other value-judgments is not only counter productive to the search for a descriptive definition of pornography it is also untrue, since it is often the case that meek porn or even altogether non-sexual material can contain much more disturbing scenes of violence and sexism than pornography itself. Fourth, most of the anti-porn literature has employ its definitions of pornography in a vague and inconsistent manner, jumping from the graphic depiction of whores to the more mainstream concept of porn as cheaply produced smut for newsflash consumption and sometimes to a more inclusive definition containing phenomena as diverse as fashion, TV commercials, sex toys and sex education. Methodological concerns aside, anti-porn definitions of pornography entail positions that appear to contradict the very essence of feminism. Anti-porn pronouncements on good, sensitive Erotica vis--vis bad, abusive porn are essentially pronouncements about good and bad sexuality. At the risk of caricature, this entails restrictions on sexuality of Or sanitaryian dimensions, and is contrary to the fights of the feminist, gay and lesbian movements for sexual liberation and diversity. One anti-porn author opines that erotica is rooted in eros, or passionate love, and thus in the idea of positive choice, free will, the yearning for a particular person, whereas in pornography the subject is not love at all, but domination and violence against women. Statements like this one seem to imply an acceptance of old patriarchical stereotypes of the form men are aggressive and polygamous by nature, while women are passive and monogamous and that women do not, cannot or should not enjoy sex in itself. Paradoxically, Dworkins (1990) synoptic treatment of the history of pornography exaggerates the passivity and helplessness of female victims and the violence of male domination to such an extent, that it unwittingly reinforces the very binary stereotypes th at feminism has historically fought to uproot. Her presentation of women in pornography as whores, is at best patronizing, if not condescending and insulting towards female porn-workers, who often choose to follow that mode of subsistence. The choices of porn-workers deserve as much lever as those of women working in less stigmatized industries and, perhaps, even greater feminist solidarity. Pro-censorship argumentation tends to revolve around two rhetorical thingumabobs. The first is the exaggeration of the criterion and degree of violence contained in pornographic material, through the accumulation of undeniably disturbing images. The slide shows projected in WAVPM meetings and the material articulately described in Dworkins book bewilder been handpicked for their shock-value and power to disturb. Drawn primarily from the underground cultures of Bizarre, Bestiality and SM, most of these images are largely unrepresentative of the mainstream market, which is both highly alter a nd specialized. Specialization is a key-point because of the basic fact that different people break different turn-ons. Given that some people may find publicly disturbing, what others get word as privately stimulating is no good reason to label porn in its entirety as intrinsically offensive. The second rhetorical device lies in the argument that pornography is not just a representation of imaginary violence but also a recorded reality or as put by MacKinnon, a documentary of abuse. Again this argument misleadingly conflates reality with representational fantasy. To claim that every woman -or man- that appears to be abused in a porn-movie is actually abused, is almost as nave as claiming that every man shot-dead in, say, the Terminator, is actually dead. The anti-porn argument fails to take into devotion factors such as artifice, acting and role-playing. While genuine case of abuse are not absent from the porn industry, the vast majority of depictions of violence come on in a r ole-playing context which carefully ensures the safety of the actors.My view is that understanding pornography requires a descriptive definition which, instead of passing judgments over the virtuous credentials and political consciousness of its participants, focuses on the realities of the porn industry. In this light, modern pornography, as we know it, is the graphic representation of sexually explicit material, mass-produced and mass-consumed with the purpose of sexual arousal. Although it is not intrinsically evil, this industry is morally no better than the society that produces it.The effect of sexually explicit material on its viewers and society at large is the second main component of the pornography debate. Anti-porn analysis has insisted on a theory of causality, whereby real rape, physical abuse and abjection of women by men occur as a direct result of their exposure to the hateful values of pornography. In Dworkins own words at the heart of the female condition is por nography it is the ideology that is the source of all the rest. By equating the representation of violence with injurious action, Dworkin evokes what neo-Aristotelian theorists of representation have termed as the Mimesis-model. Derived from the Greek word mimesis, meaning imitation or reproduction, the model positions the real both before and after its representation.At a notional level the Mimesis-model can be sufficiently challenged by another Aristotelian concept, that of Catharsis. This would entail that far from reducing men to perpetrators of violence, exposure to the mock-violence of pornography -with all its aesthetical conventions and restrictions- would relieve them of the violent dispositions that lay hidden in their psyche, in the same way that, say, a horror movie may give us recreation without inciting violence and blood-thirst. The Catharsis-model fits particularly well to the very nature of pornography. Founded on a much-attested human desire for an occasional br each of taboo, porn tends to represent situations and feelings that may well be antisocial and very often remote from what the actual social practice is. Japan -a country with one of the lowest rape rates world-wide- sustains a huge pornographic industry that specializes in violence and sexual domination. The anti-pornography perceptive fails to grasp this crucial distinction between social reality and harmless fantasy. In terms of empirical evidence, psychological experiments on the alleged correlation between exposure to porn and violent activity are, at best, inconclusive. Historical and cross-societal analysis is equally unpromising for the Mimesis-argument. Porn, in its modern sense, is a very recent creation. And yet, the exploitation of women by men had predated it by thousands of years. At the same time, political systems that adhered to the systematic curtailment of pornographic representations, such as the Soviet Union or modern Islamic states, had not been less exploita tive or violent.And yet, many anti-porn thinkers have insisted on censorship, despite the fact that this insistence has produced an awkward alliance with moral traditionalists from the Right. If passed, the 1984 Minneapolis ordinance would have reinvented pornography as a criminal offence, distinct from obscenity. This would have allowed women to take civil action against anyone involved in the production, or distribution of pornography, on the grounds that they had been harmed by its portrayal of women. In the passionate words of Andrea Dworkin (1990224) we will know that we are free when the pornography no longer exists. As long as it does exist, we must understand that we are the women in it used by the same power, subject to the same valuation, as the vile whores who beg for more. If only, pornography was, indeed, the mother of all evil. Then sexism could be uprooted at one, simple, legislative stroke. But unfortunately, sexism, violence and exploitation are endemic to the econo mic structure of the modern society and pervasive of all our media. Pornography seems to have been singled out as a scapegoat for all forms of sexual prejudices in todays world. The long-standing social stigma and visual honesty of the industry made it an easy target to right-wingers and left-wingers alike.Censorship has not worked in the past and there is no reason to believe that it will work in the future. I believe that the only viable solution to the pornography problem is the exact opposite of censorship, namely support for the Politics of Representation. Women should try to capture pornography, as producers, script-writers and directors, in a manner consistent with earlier feminist ventures into other male-dominated fields, such as literature, politics, media, religion, education and science. Going legit, would not only mean that society as a whole will take a less hypocritical stance to the realities of pornography but also that regulation would guarantee better working con ditions for female porn-workers (e.g. unionization, safe-sex, better security, health and cleanliness). Most importantly establishing a feminine perspective within the industry would counterbalance the male bias from which it now suffers. Following the example of ventures such as Femme Productions -launched by antecedent porn-worker Candida Royalle and targeting a couple market- sexually explicit material written and produced by women can celebrate womens right to pleasure without complying to sexism and exploitation.Pro-censorship feminists have been mistaken in defining pornography as problem. The explicit representation of sexual scenes is neither intrinsically harmful nor a direct cause of violence. While men retain the reigns of an industry plagued with social stigma, porn will continue to be biased and exploitative. Yet, in the right hands, pornography can become an instrument for feminist action. BIBLIOGRAPHYBarker, I. V. (2000) change Pornography, in D. Cornell ed, Femini sm and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University fight down, pp 643- 652Butler, J. (2000) The Force of Fantasy Feminism, Mapplethorpe, and Discursive Excess, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 487-508Carter, A. (2000) Polemical Preface Pornography in the Service of Women, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 527-539Cornell, D. (2000) Pornographys Temptation, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 551-68Dworkin, A. (1990) Pornography Men Possessing Women, London The Womens Press Ltd C. A. MacKinnon (1988) Pornography and Civil Rights A red-hot Day, Minneapolis Organizing Against PornographyKilmer, M.F. (1997) Painters and Pederasts Ancient Art, Sexuality, and Social History,in M. Golden and P. Toohey eds Inventing Ancient Culture Historicism, Peri odization, and the Ancient World, London, pp 36-49.MacKinnon, C. A. (1993) Only lyric, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 94-120Rodgerson, G. E. Wilson ed (1991) Pornography and Feminism the Case Against Censorship, Feminists Against Censorship, London Lawrence WishartRoyalle, C. (2000) Porn in the USA, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 540-550Rubin, G. (1992) Misguided, treacherous and Wrong an Analysis of Anti-pornography Politics, in A. Assiter and A. Carol ed, Bad Girls and Dirty Pictures the Challenge to Reclaim Feminism, London Pluto Press, pp 18-40Russell, D. E. H. (2000) Pornography and Rape A causal Model, in D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford Oxford University Press, pp 48-93Sutton, R.F., Jr. (1992) Pornography and Persuasion on Attic Pottery, in A. Richlin ed, Pornography and Repres entation in Greece and Rome, New York, pp 3-35.

Human Fall Detection Using Kinect Sensor Essay -- falls, major risk fra

Falls are a major risk in our society which reduces the quality of the life for various people such as the old aged people who are at a higher risk of fall. This has been supported by NICE stating Falling is the leading cause of injury-related admissions to infirmary in those over 65. For that reason various research has been conducted to discover the ideal consequence for the dilemma. A variety of solutions has been produced as well, however the issue is still present. Therefore, this visualizes research would be based on how another technology device such as Kinect could be used as a solution to the issue. Consequently, throughout the make, the discussion would be based on how the Kinect could play a role in resolving the problem and how the manipulation of the device can have such a tremendous applicability other than the specified purpose of gaming. Project Schedule Previously, in the project specification, a project snipline had been introduced to manage the time effectiv ely for the delivery of the project on time. The timeline had not incorporated sufficient disruption time for the progression of the project which had an effect on the previous timeline that the project is slightly behind the schedule. The previous timeline is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Timeline from project specification.Most of the activity has gone according to the plan or achieved in front than the allocated date. However, the implementation and testing has not adhered to the project timeline but the progress report has been completed before the allocated date. Implementation and testing has not been started due to the amount of research required for the project in-order to acquire the elementary understanding of how the project should be i... ...astorakis, G. and Makris, D. 2012. Fall detection system using Kinects infrared sensor. e-book Surrey Faculty of Computing, schooling Systems and Mathematics, Digital Imaging Research Centre. pp. 1-10. Available through Springer Lin k http//download.springer.com/static/pdf/704/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11554-012-0246-9.pdf?auth66=1385201938_2821d8c75169ac286da18a72dcc5134c&ext=.pdf Accessed 21 Nov 2013.NICE. 2013. Older patients at high risk of hospital falls. online Available at http//www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/news/OlderPatientsHighRiskHospitalFalls.jsp Accessed 20 Nov 2013.Openni.org. 2013. About OpenNI - 3D sensing Technology for depth sensors OpenNI. online Available at http//www.openni.org/about/ Accessed 21 Nov 2013.Openni.org. 2013. NiTE 2.2.0.11 OpenNI. online Available at http//www.openni.org/files/nite/ Accessed 21 Nov 2013.

U.S. Foreign Policy Essay -- Politics Government

Throughout the course of history, the United States has remained consistent with its national interest by taking legion(predicate) different actions in foreign policy. There have been both immediate and long term results of these actions. Foreign policy is the United States policy that defines how we deal with other countries economically and politically. It is made by congress, the president, and the people. Some of the motivations for United States foreign policy are national security, economics, and idealism. The United States entry into World War I in 1917 and the escalation of the Vietnam War in 1964 and the both had great impact on the United States.A major type of foreign policy in the 1964 was containment. The Vietnam War was fought among the communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The United States supported South Vietnam and other communist countries supported North Vietnam. In 1950, the United States were scared of the domino prepare and didn?t want to beco me communist. The United States, at this point, offers 2.5 billion dollars to aid France. The United States involvement in Vietnam had begun. By 1969 the United States had 543,000 troops in Vietnam in use(p) in a war to try to end communist containment. The escalation of the War in Vietnam was a direct result of the inability of the U.S. to make a faithful commitment during the early stages of the conflict. In 1954, the battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought. This forced the French to retreat. In 1964, an American ship was attacked by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin. telling then issues the Tonkin Resolution. The Tonkin Resolution granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country. In 1965, Americas first combat ... ...1919, World War I was offically over. The Treaty of Versailles was signed blaming the war on Germany. It made new nations and dimiliterized Germany. As a result of the treaty, the League of Nations was est ablished. The goals of the League of Nations was to have international organization, improving ball-shaped quality of life, and to avoid war. Foreign relations are highly complex and controversial. Everything, such as, formal and informal contacts with other nations and social and cultural contacts have to be recognized when a foreign policy is established. The United States have taken many different foreign policy actions since 1890. Some have been successful and slightly have not. Both internationaltion and containment were very important foreign policies but there were many more. Isolationism and Imperialism aslo had a huge impact on how America is today.

Comparing William Faulkners Short Stories, A Rose for Emily and Dry Se

Comparing William Faulkners Short Stories, A lift for Emily and Dry SeptemberThree key elements link William Faulkners cardinal short stories A Rose for Emily and Dry September sex, death, and women (King 203). Staging his two stories against a backdrop of stereotypical characters and a southern code of honor, Faulkner deliberately withholds alpha details, fragments chronological times, and fuses the past with the present to imply the characters act and motivation. The characters in Faulkners southern society ar drawn from three social levels the aristocrats, the townspeople, and the Negroes (Volpe 15). In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner describes Miss Emily Grierson in flowing, descriptive sentences. Once a slender figure in white, the last descendent of a formerly affluent aristocratic family matures into a small, fat woman in black, with a thin cash chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head (Faulkner, Literature 25-27). Despite her diminished financial status, Miss Emily exhibits her aristocratic demeanor by carrying her head high as if she demanded more than ever the credit entry of her dignity as the last Grierson (28). In an equally descriptive manner, Faulkner paints a written portrait of Miss Minnie Cooper in Dry September. He portrays her as a spinster of comfortable people - not the best in Jefferson, but good enough people and still on the slender array of ordinary looking, with a bright faintly haggard manner and dress (Faulkner, Reader 520). Cleanth Brooks sheds considerable insight on Faulkners view of women. He notes that Faulkners women are the source and sustainer of virtue and also a prime source of evil. She can be ... ...uth. Works Cited Brooks, Cleanth. William Faulkner Visions of Good and Evil. Faulkner, New Perspectives. Ed. Richard H. Brodhead. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1983. ---. upstart Critical Views. New York Chelsea House,1986. Faulkner, Will iam. Dry September. The Faulkner Reader. New York random House, 1954. ---. A Rose for Emily. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th ed. New York Harper Collins, 1991. ---. Selected Letters of William Faulkner. Ed. Joseph Blotner. New York Random House, 1977. Kazin, Alfred. Bright Book of Life. Boston Little Brown Company, 1973. King, Richard H. Modern Critical Views. New York Chelsea House, 1986. Reed, Joseph. Modern Critical Views. New York Chelsea House, 1986. Volpe, Edmond. A Readers Guide to William Faulkner. New York Octagon, 1974.

A Comparison of Love in Annabel Lee and La Belle Dame sans Merci Essay

Love in Poes Annabel Lee and Keatss La Belle lady sans Merci Poes Annabel Lee and Keatss La Belle Dame sans Merci depict the destructive effects that women exercise upon men. In both(prenominal) poems, women, by death and deception, harm their adoring lovers. In Annabel Lee, Annabel dies and leaves the speaker in isolation in La Belle Dame Sans Merci, the fairy, La Belle Dame, captures the speakers heart, and then deserts him. The common theme of both poems, that love generates harmful effects, is a reflection of both poets upsetting and harmful childhood experiences. Poetry, Keats purports, comes from the ferment of an unhappy childhood working through a noble imagination (Keats 16). The lesson of Keats boyhood was that the intensity of the beauty, the joy, the pleasure, and the bitterness of their loss is essential for a poem (Keats 17). The deaths of Poes parents, foster mother, and wife develop a similar intensity in the form of a lingering pity and sorrow for the exanimat e (Whitman 61). The implied malevolence in Annabel Lee and La Belle Dame sans Merci echoes these poets pasts the poems speakers are unable to live sanely or comfortably after experiencing and then losing the objects of their exquisite affection. Furthermore, the speakers names are concealed, stressing the importance of the women over the speakers. While both poets believe that love creates destructive situations, they differ about most damaging chassis of love. Poe believed that an innocent and sexless love hurt the greatest his speaker went insane from love that was more than love, while he and his lover were children. Poes aesthetic faith was a worship of the beautifulin all noble thoughts, in all ho... ...a Belle Dame sans Merci through their fascination with the doomed nature of love (De Reyes 107). plant Cited Allen, Hervey. Israfel The Life and Times of Edgar Allan Poe. New York Holt, 1934 De Reyes, Mary. John Keats. Poetry Reviews. 3 vols. 1913 Keats, John. La Belle Da me sans Merci. The Poetical Works of John Keats. London Macmillan, 1884. Moise, Edwin. Keatss La Belle Dame sans Merci. The Explicator. majuscule DC Heldref, 1992 Poe, Edgar. Annabel Lee. 15 Aug. 1997. Stefan Gmoser Online. Online. America Online. 12 Jan. 1998 Saintsbury, George. Edgar Allan Poe. Prefaces and Essays. Virginia Macmillan, 1933 Whitman, Sarah. Edgar Poe and His Critics. New York Haskell House, 1972 Wilbur, Richard. Poe and the Art of Suggestion. Critical Essays on Edgar Allan Poe. New York G. K. Hall, 1987

Madame Bovary :: Madame Bovary Essays

Madame Bovary   The novel Madame Bovary was written by Gustave Flaubert in 1856. Flaubert was born in 1821, in Rouen, France. His father, being a doctor, caused him to be very familiar with the horrible sights of the hospital, which he in turn uses in his writings. In this novel, Charles Bovary, an undereducated doctor of medicine has two wives in his life. The first, Madame Dubuc, died. Emma Rouault, his second wife, after many affairs commits suicide. The doom of Charles and Emmas jointure is described by an elaborate connection of symbolic relations. The relationships of the shutters sealing bang, Emmas long dress that keeps her from happiness, the plaster priest that conveys the actions of the couple, the restless greyhound, and Emma burning her wedding bouquet argon all images of eternal doom to the couples marriage.   Charles Bovary first met Emma Rouault when he was on a medical call to fix her fathers broken leg. Not long after his arrival Emma catches his interest. Her actions satisfy his hearts need for a young, fresh principal and body. The old widow that he is currently married to dies of chagrin. Charles is sadden by this but his mind stays on Emma. aft(prenominal) frequent visits to her farm, even after her fathers leg was healed, Charles gives a thought about if he would like to marry Emma but he is uncertain. Her father sees Charles interest in his daughter and takes it upon himself to engage the two. He waits until Charles is departing and then confronts him about the engagement. As expected Charles accepts the marriage and the father runs to the house to receive Emmas acceptance. This was to be shown by the opening of a shutter door. Suddenly he heard a sound from the house the shutter had slammed against the wall the catch was still chill (Flaubert 21). The sound that the shutter makes is the beginning of an end. The bang seals the never-ending doom of the couples marriage (Turnell 101).   Emmas we dding is a special occasion. It is held in the far off pasture of their farm. After all the guests arrive the wedding procession proceeds to the pasture.